木屑调理剂对城市污泥蚯蚓堆肥效果的影响

为提高城市污泥蚯蚓堆肥效果,以木屑作为污泥膨胀剂,采用单因素试验研究木屑不同添加量对城市污泥蚯蚓堆肥过程中蚯蚓生长状况、重金属总量及堆肥物料N、P等营养物质含量的影响。结果表明:木屑添加量较多不利于堆肥物料减量化;堆肥物料中有机质和速效氮含量随着木屑添加量增加而增加;木屑添加量对堆肥物料中速效磷的降低没有明显影响;蚯蚓在堆肥过程中可富集Cu、Fe、Pb和Zn,对Cr无富集作用;堆肥物料中的Cu、Fe、Pb、Zn和Cr在堆肥过程中均呈下降趋势,但堆肥物料木屑添加量对重金属含量的下降并无直接影响。可通过提高木屑添加量来提高堆肥物料有机质和速效氮含量。     

连续施用无害化污泥对沙质潮土土壤肥力和微生物学性质的影响

以小麦-玉米轮作体系下的沙质潮土为研究对象,选用经无害化处理后的城市污泥产物,通过2013~2015年田间定位试验,研究了不同城市污泥施用量对土壤肥力的影响,以期为城市污泥资源化利用提供理论基础和技术依据。设置单施化肥(CK)、CK+污泥15 t·hm~(-2)(CS1)、CK+污泥30 t·hm~(-2)(CS2)和CK+污泥45 t·hm~(-2)(CS3)共4个处理。主要研究结果如下:(1)连续定位试验结果表明,同一施用量污泥处理的土壤p H值随施用时间的增加呈下降趋势;土壤有机质(SOM)和养分含量如全氮(TN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)随施用时间的增长呈上升趋势;(2)与CK比较,在2015年玉米季施用污泥各处理的土壤p H值显著降低了0.34~0.83个单位(P0.05),且与污泥施用量呈反比,以高施量污泥45 t·hm~(-2)下降最多;土壤SOM、TN、AP和AK分别显著提高了52.1%~166.9%、77.3%~177.8%、215.7%~486.3%和167.2%~379.0%(P0.05),且与污泥施用量呈正比,以高施量污泥45 t·hm~(-2)效果最显著;(3)试验所用污泥施用量范围内不会造成土壤和植物籽粒重金属污染,能够保持土壤环境健康;(4)与CK比较,施用污泥各处理土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)含量均显著提高(P0.05),且与污泥施用量呈正比,并且季节不同也显著影响土壤MBC、MBN含量(P0.05);施用污泥能够显著提高土壤MBC/MBN(P0.05),说明施用污泥能够改变土壤微生物群落组成;(5)施用污泥,尤其是高施量污泥45 t·hm~(-2),在保证土壤和植物籽粒质量安全下,其土壤培肥效果最优。     

The influence of surfactants applied by sewage sludge on the behaviour of Atrazine and PAHs in semiarid soils

The effect of two surfactants applied via sewage sludge: LAS (linear Alkylbenzenesulfonate) and Nonylphenol as a metabolite of Nonylphenol ethoxylate, on PAHs and Atrazine mobility was investigated under semiarid soil conditions in a Vertisol and a Gypsisol treated with sewage sludge. In both cases the surfactants promoted the leachability of Atrazine only moderately compared to the untreated plot. PAHs were leached from the surface layer (0–20 cm) into 20–50 cm layer during the three month test period. Relatively higher leaching was observed in the sandy Gypsisol. Atrazine was leached only in the clayrich Vertisol where the surfactants were present longer than in the plot with sandy Gypsisol.     

Runoff and losses by erosion in soils amended with sewage sludge

In order to promote the transformation of a burnt Mediterranean forest area into a dehesa system, 10 t ha⁻¹ of dry matter of the same sewage sludge in three different forms: fresh, composted and thermally‐dried, were added superficially to field plots of loam and sandy soils located on a 16 per cent slope. This application is equivalent to 13ċ8 t ha⁻¹ of composted sludge, 50 t ha⁻¹ of fresh sludge and 11ċ3 t ha⁻¹ of thermally‐dried sludge. The surface addition of a single application of thermally‐dried sludge resulted in a decrease in runoff and erosion in both kinds of soil. Runoff in thermally‐dried sludge plots was lower than in the control treatment (32 per cent for the loam soil and 26 per cent for the sandy soil). The addition of any type of sludge to both soil types also reduces sediment production. Significant differences between the control and sludge treatments indicate that the rapid development of plant cover and the direct protective effect of sludge on the soil are the main agents that influence soil erosion rates. Results suggest that the surface application of thermally‐dried sludge is the most efficient way to enhance soil infiltration. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海蜇中明矾（铝）质量分数4种测定方法的比较

铝（Al）元素在海蜇产品中以明矾的形式存在,Al在人体内累积会对健康造成危害。当前海蜇中明矾（Al）质量分数测定方法较多,各种方法的操作及检测灵敏度均存在差异。研究比较了水煮滴定法、原子吸收光谱法、比色法和酸煮滴定法4种不同方法的检测效果,对各种方法中的前处理现象差异、检测结果、检测方法的准确度和精密度及方法的可操作性等方面进行对比。结果表明,酸煮滴定法前处理只需6min,煮沸后过滤速度快,其测定结果与原子吸收光谱法的结果相近。酸煮滴定法、比色法和原子吸收光谱法回收率介于103．81％～107．60％,平均回收率为104．70％,符合分析要求。对比各种测定方法的优缺点得出,酸煮滴定法操作简便快捷、花费少,适用于生产工厂及检测机构日常检测。     

苏州某污水处理厂污泥处置项目环境监理实践研究

由于城市污水处理厂在污水处置过程中产生污泥,污泥中存在有机物、重金属等超标污染物,如不能有效处理将对水源、空气和土壤环境造成污染,以苏州某污水处理厂存量污泥处置项目为研究对象,结合项目实施阐述了环境监理在污泥处置施工阶段的工作程序、二次污染防治、控制要点等内容,对处置过程中污泥开挖、固化稳定化、阻隔填埋等监理过程中控制难点和问题进行了探讨,提出了相应的建议,以期为后续污泥处置项目在施工阶段的环境监理提供参考。     

豆制品行业废弃物转化生物有机肥的探索性研究

以清美公司豆制品生产中的废弃物豆渣和经过预处理的黄浆水污泥为原料,探索性研究2种调理剂以及堆体不同碳氮比对豆渣黄浆水污泥共堆肥发酵的影响。依据植物发芽率来确定调理剂添加量及碳氮比;测定分析堆肥发酵过程中温度、时间的变化趋势,并进行堆肥成品肥效检测。研究结果表明:豆渣与黄浆水污泥共堆肥的发酵最佳工艺为:调理剂选用秸秆粉,投加量为15 kg,C/N=25∶1。3#堆体发酵过程中高温温度(>50℃)可持续5 d以上,浸提液发芽率96.6%。堆肥成品肥效检测结果符合国家标准,可作施用于植物的中等肥料。     

Unbalanced nutrient ratios in pelleted compound recycling fertilizers

The aim of this study was to contribute to the development of pelleted compound recycling fertilizers with favourable handling and spreading characteristics and balanced nutrient ratios by combining nitrogen (N)‐ and phosphorus (P)‐rich waste resources (meat bone meal, fish sludge or food waste) with potassium (K)‐rich bottom wood ash. Pelleted compound recycling fertilizers with good durability and low dusting tendency were produced by roll‐pelleting preheated waste resources at a suitable moisture content. However, the nutrient ratios in the final products were insufficiently balanced, with too low N concentrations relative to P and K to meet crop demands. In a bioassay using barley (Hordeum vulgare ) and a nutrient‐deficient sand/peat mixture, the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE ) of pelleted compound recycling fertilizers and reference recycling fertilizers was 22–42% of that of mineral compound fertilizer. Growth limitation was due to reduced N availability (mineral fertilizer equivalent ‐ MFE = 35–57%) or reduced P availability (MFE  = 20–115%), with the greatest P fertilizer value obtained for digestate based on dairy manure and fish sludge. Availability of K in bottom wood ash was masked by the experimental soil.     

玉米秸秆与污泥混合热解对生物碳特性及重金属的影响

利用热解装置开展不同质量比例玉米秸秆(0,25%,50%和75%)与污泥混合热解实验,分别得到4种生物炭(SCB0,SCB25,SCB50和SCB75),研究了生物炭性质、重金属(Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr,Mn和As)含量、BCR形态和TCLP浸出毒性特征,并开展潜在生态风险评估。结果表明,随着玉米秸秆添加比例的增加,生物炭产率、灰分、H/C和N/C比显著降低,p H值显著增大,生物炭芳香化程度明显提高。添加玉米秸秆与污泥混合热解可以促进重金属向更稳定的形态(F4态)转化。4种生物碳中重金属浸出均未超出GB5085.3-2007浸出毒性鉴别标准规定的限值,生态风险均明显降低至轻微风险水平,在玉米秸秆添加量为50%时达到最低风险水平,该研究为污泥与玉米秸秆资源化和无害化利用提供了理论依据。     

Potassium Jarosite for fertilizer

Japan has scarcely any potassic resource in her country. Therefore, the shortage was severe in the second world war. In this time I had investigated the fertilizer utilization of many potassic minerals, such as liparite, alunite, glauconite and vermiculite in this country. The potassium jarosite was discovered for the first time at Gumma limonite mine by Katayama and Saito in 1947n. Since then, the many deposites were found out at such places as Suwa Mine in Nagano prefecture, Mitsui-Aso Mine in Kumamoto prefecture and several mines in the Hokkaido district.